Posts Tagged ‘Temperature’

Sensors

Thursday, October 8th, 2009

Since I’m on the subject of facility, I might as well cover a few more points on data center facility, measurement and sensors.  When I think about sensors, it reminded me of my first job.  I used to be with a Systems Integrator, working on Plant Information Management Systems (PIMS) for refineries, gas plants, utilities, etc.  I remember once, I was 120km west of Doha, Qatar, and was commissioning the PIMS system together with my customer and main contractor. It was August, in the mid-90’s.  We were going through the screens and data points / tags with values collected from field instruments in the plant via their Distributed Control System (DCS).

Operator-Console As we review the data points, we came across a few thermocouples out in the plant indicating measurements of 54′C to 60′C.  Although it was a hot summer day, a reasonable reading for those tags should be in the range of 45′C to 50′C.  It was an interesting anomaly…

For a gas plant, it is very critical that the plant data collected are accurate as the data are used for planning purposes, production controls, yield accounting, and many other forms of analysis.

For a data center, data accuracy is also equally important.

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Accuracy of measurement sensors & Chiller Efficiency

Wednesday, October 7th, 2009

I spent some time over the weekend reviewing ASHRAE’s latest document on Real-time Energy Consumption Measurements in Data Centers. It is quite a comprehensive book in explaining and providing guidelines on energy, power systems, air and hydronic measurements.

One of the interesting topic explained in this ASHRAE book was related to how accuracy of sensors may influence the efficiency of chillers.

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Controlling water vapor in Data Centers

Wednesday, September 23rd, 2009

We all know that in the world we live in, water exists in 3 forms – liquid, gas and solid. Water vapor refers to the gas form of water and it is produced from evaporation or boiling of liquid water. Liquid water starts to boil when its vapor pressure reaches its surrounding pressure. Water_vapor_pressureBelow is a graph plotting the relationship of water vapor pressure versus temperature. Note that at the normal boiling point of 100°C, the vapor pressure equals the standard atmospheric pressure of 760 Torr or 101.325 kPa (approximately 7.5 Torr per kPa), and that is where evaporative cooling takes place (water turning into gas form takes a part of the heat with it).  Anyway, enough of boring details…

So, what is the significance of water vapor in the context of data centers? Well, we first need to understand two terms – relative humidity and dew point.

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CFM and Density in Data Centers

Wednesday, September 2nd, 2009

I recently received a query regarding the relationship between CFM (cubic feet per minute) and density of heat load that can be supported in a data center using a room-oriented cooling architecture.

CFM is a non-SI unit of measurement of the flow of a gas or liquid that indicates how much volume in cubic feet pass by a stationary point in one minute. rate of air-flow. In a typical data center facility that has conditioned air being delivered through a subfloor and via perforated tiles to cool down IT equipment in racks, it sure helps to understand the relationship between CFM (air-flow), temperature rise, heat dissipation and the amount of cooling capacity required. The diagram below charts the relationship between the required cooling capacity (in kW) per tile versus the required air-flow (in CFM), assuming a delta temperature of 20′F.   (more…)